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- **************************************
- * Annexins repeated domain signature *
- **************************************
-
- Annexins [1 to 6] are a group of calcium-binding proteins that associate
- reversibly with membranes. They bind to phospholipid bilayers in the
- presence of micromolar free calcium concentration. The binding is specific
- for calcium and for acidic phospholipids. Annexins have been claimed to be
- involved in cytoskeletal interactions, phospholipase inhibition, intracellular
- signalling, anticoagulation, and membrane fusion.
-
- Each of these proteins consist of an N-terminal domain of variable length
- followed by four or eight copies of a conserved segment of sixty one residues.
- The repeat (sometimes known as an 'endonexin fold') consists of five alpha-
- helices that are wound into a right-handed superhelix [7].
-
- The proteins known to belong to the annexin family are listed below:
-
- - Annexin I (Lipocortin 1) (Calpactin 2) (p35) (Chromobindin 9).
- - Annexin II (Lipocortin 2) (Calpactin 1) (Protein I) (p36) (Chromobindin 8).
- - Annexin III (Lipocortin 3) (PAP-III).
- - Annexin IV (Lipocortin 4) (Endonexin I) (Protein II) (Chromobindin 4).
- - Annexin V (Lipocortin 5) (Endonexin 2) (VAC-alpha) (Anchorin CII) (PAP-I).
- - Annexin VI (Lipocortin 6) (Protein III) (Chromobindin 20) (p68) (p70). This
- is the only known annexin that contains 8 (instead of 4) repeats.
- - Annexin VII (Synexin).
- - Annexin VIII (Vascular anticoagulant-beta) (VAC-beta).
- - Annexin IX from Drosophila.
- - Annexin X from Drosophila.
- - Annexin XI (Calcyclin-associated annexin) (CAP-50).
- - Annexin XII from Hydra vulgaris.
- - Annexin XIII (Intestine-specific annexin) (ISA).
-
- The signature pattern for this domain spans positions 9 to 61 of the repeat
- and includes the only perfectly conserved residue (an arginine in position 22)
-
- -Consensus pattern: [TG]-[STV]-x(8)-[LIVMF]-x(2)-R-x(3)-[DEQNH]-x(7)-[IFY]-
- x(7)-[LIVMF]-x(3)-[LIVMF]-x(11)-[LIVMFA]-x(2)-[LIVMF]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL. But the
- pattern will miss some of the repeats of annexin IX, X, XI, and XII.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: Pseudomonas putida RNA polymerase
- beta chain.
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Raynal P., Pollard H.B.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1197:63-93(1994).
- [ 2] Barton G.J., Newman R.H., Freemont P.S., Crumpton M.J.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 198:749-760(1991).
- [ 3] Burgoyne R.D., Geisow M.J.
- Cell Calcium 10:1-10(1989).
- [ 4] Haigler H.T., Fitch J.M., Jones J.M., Schlaepfer D.D.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 14:48-50(1989).
- [ 5] Klee C.B.
- Biochemistry 27:6645-6653(1988).
- [ 6] Smith P.D., Moss S.E.
- Trends Genet. 10:241-246(1994).
- [ 7] Huber R., Roemisch J., Paques E.-P.
- EMBO J. 9:3867-3874(1990).
-